Kafka系列(二)特性和常用命令
Kafka中Replicas复制备份机制
kafka将每个partition数据复制到多个server上,任何一个partition有一个leader和多个follower(可以没有),备份的个数可以通过broker配置文件来设定(replication-factor的参数配置指定).leader处理所有的read-write请求,follower需要和leader保持同步.Follower和consumer一样,消费消息并保存在本地日志中,leader负责跟踪所有的follower状态,如果follower”落后”太多或者失效,leader将会把它从replicas同步列表中删除.当所有的follower都将一条消息保存成功,此消息才被认为是”committed”,那么此时consumer才能消费它.即使只有一个replicas实例存活,仍然可以保证消息的正常发送和接收,只要zookeeper集群存活即可.
Kafka中的选举
当leader失效时,需在followers中选取出新的leader,可能此时follower落后于leader,因此需要选择一个”up-to-date”的follower.选择follower时需要兼顾一个问题,就是新leader server上所已经承载的partition leader的个数,如果一个server上有过多的partition leader,意味着此server将承受着更多的IO压力.在选举新leader,需要考虑到”负载均衡”.
常用命令
1、创建topics
./kafka-topics.sh –create –zookeeper chenx02:2181 –replication-factor 1 –partitions 1 –topic test
2、查看队列列表
./kafka-topics.sh –list –zookeeper chenx02:2181
3、查看队列明细
./kafka-topics.sh –describe –zookeeper chenx02:2181 –topic test
结果:
Topic:test PartitionCount:1 ReplicationFactor:1 Configs:
Topic: test Partition: 0 Leader: 2 Replicas: 2 Isr: 2
4、修改(test)队列参数
./kafka-topics.sh –zookeeper chenx02:2181 –partition 3 –topic test –alter
结果:
Topic:test PartitionCount:3 ReplicationFactor:1 Configs:
Topic: test Partition: 0 Leader: 2 Replicas: 2 Isr: 2
Topic: test Partition: 1 Leader: 1 Replicas: 1 Isr: 1
Topic: test Partition: 2 Leader: 2 Replicas: 2 Isr: 2
5、创建多副本的队列
./kafka-topics.sh –create –zookeeper chenx02:2181 –replication-factor 3 –partitions 4 –topic test_kafka
./kafka-topics.sh –describe –zookeeper chenx02:2181 –topic test_kafka
Topic:test_kafka PartitionCount:4 ReplicationFactor:3 Configs:
Topic: test_kafka Partition: 0 Leader: 1 Replicas: 1,3,2 Isr: 1,3,2
Topic: test_kafka Partition: 1 Leader: 2 Replicas: 2,1,3 Isr: 2,1,3
Topic: test_kafka Partition: 2 Leader: 3 Replicas: 3,2,1 Isr: 3,2,1
Topic: test_kafka Partition: 3 Leader: 1 Replicas: 1,2,3 Isr: 1,2,3
说明:
partiton: partion id
leader:当前负责读写的lead broker id
replicas:当前partition的所有replication broker list
isr:relicas的子集,只包含出于活动状态的broker
6、删除kafka的队列[注意需要重启kafka集群]
kafka-run-class.sh kafka.admin.DeleteTopicCommand –topic test_kafka –zookeeper chenx02:2181
7、查看不可用的分区
kafka-topics.sh –describe –unavailable-partitions –zookeeper chenx02:2181 –topic test_kafka
8、发送消息
./kafka-console-producer.sh –broker-list chenx02:9092 –topic test
9、消费消息
./kafka-console-consumer.sh –zookeeper chenx02:2181 –topic test –from-beginning
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