ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】
一.简介
ElasticSearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索服务器。它提供了一个分布式多用户能力的全文搜索引擎（与Solr类似），基于RESTful web接口。Elasticsearch是用Java开发的，并作为Apache许可条款下的开放源码发布，是当前流行的企业级搜索引擎。设计用于云计算中，能够达到实时搜索，稳定，可靠，快速，安装使用方便。
二.相关概念
cluster
代表一个集群，集群中有多个节点，其中有一个为主节点，这个主节点通过选举产生，主从节点是对于集群内部来说的。ES的一个概念就是去中心化，字面上理解就是无中心节点，这是对于集群外部来说的，因为从外部来看ES集群，在逻辑上是个整体，你与任何一个节点的通信和与整个ES集群通信是等价的。
shards
代表索引分片，ES可以把一个完整的索引分成多个分片，这样的好处是可以把一个大的索引拆分成多个，分布到不同的节点上。构成分布式搜索。分片的数量只能在索引创建前指定，并且索引创建后不能更改。
replicas
代表索引副本，ES可以设置多个索引的副本，副本的作用一是提高系统的容错性，当某个节点某个分片损坏或丢失时可以从副本中恢复。二是提高ES的查询效率，ES会自动对搜索请求进行负载均衡。
recovery
代表数据恢复或叫数据重新分布，es在有节点加入或退出时会根据机器的负载对索引分片进行重新分配，挂掉的节点重新启动时也会进行数据恢复。
river
代表es的一个数据源，也是其它存储方式（如：数据库）同步数据到es的一个方法。它是以插件方式存在的一个es服务，通过读取river中的数据并把它索引到es中，官方的river有couchDB的，RabbitMQ的，Twitter的，Wikipedia的。
gateway
代表es索引快照的存储方式，es默认是先把索引存放到内存中，当内存满了时再持久化到本地硬盘。gateway对索引快照进行存储，当这个es集群关闭再重新启动时就会从gateway中读取索引备份数据。es支持多种类型的gateway，有本地文件系统（默认），分布式文件系统，Hadoop的HDFS和amazon的s3云存储服务。
discovery.zen
Transport
代表es内部节点或集群与客户端的交互方式，默认内部是使用tcp协议进行交互，同时它支持http协议（json格式）、thrift、servlet、memcached、zeroMQ等的传输协议（通过插件方式集成）。
三.上传
四.创建用户
五.配置
修改配置文件：elasticsearch.yml
# ======================== Elasticsearch Configuration ========================= # # NOTE: Elasticsearch comes with reasonable defaults for most settings. # Before you set out to tweak and tune the configuration, make sure you # understand what are you trying to accomplish and the consequences. # # The primary way of configuring a node is via this file. This template lists # the most important settings you may want to configure for a production cluster. # # Please consult the documentation for further information on configuration options: # https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/index.html # # ---------------------------------- Cluster ----------------------------------- # # Use a descriptive name for your cluster: # cluster.name: zhen-es # 集群名称 # # ------------------------------------ Node ------------------------------------ # # Use a descriptive name for the node: # node.name: node-1 # 节点名称 # # Add custom attributes to the node: # #node.attr.rack: r1 # # ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------ # # Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma): # #path.data: /path/to/data # # Path to log files: # #path.logs: /path/to/logs # # ----------------------------------- Memory ----------------------------------- # # Lock the memory on startup: # #bootstrap.memory_lock: true # # Make sure that the heap size is set to about half the memory available # on the system and that the owner of the process is allowed to use this # limit. # # Elasticsearch performs poorly when the system is swapping the memory. # # ---------------------------------- Network ----------------------------------- # # Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6): # network.host: 192.168.245.133 # 本机ip # # Set a custom port for HTTP: # http.port: 9200 # 开放端口 # # For more information, consult the network module documentation. # # --------------------------------- Discovery ---------------------------------- # # Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when new node is started: # The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"] # #discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["host1", "host2"] # # Prevent the "split brain" by configuring the majority of nodes (total number of master-eligible nodes / 2 + 1): # #discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: # # For more information, consult the zen discovery module documentation. # # ---------------------------------- Gateway ----------------------------------- # # Block initial recovery after a full cluster restart until N nodes are started: # #gateway.recover_after_nodes: 3 # # For more information, consult the gateway module documentation. # # ---------------------------------- Various ----------------------------------- # # Require explicit names when deleting indices: # #action.destructive_requires_name: true # 配置放置脑裂 # discovery.zen.ping.multicast.enabled: false discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.245.130","192.168.245.131", "192.168.245.133"] discovery.zen.ping_timeout: 120s client.transport.ping_timeout: 60s
六.分发到其它节点（根据节点进行相应的修改）
执行命令：scp -r ./elasticsearch-6.6.0/ root@worker1:/usr/local/soft/
执行命令：scp -r ./elasticsearch-6.6.0/ root@worker2:/usr/local/soft/
修改权限
修改相应配置
节点worker1:
node.name: node-2
network.host: 192.168.245.130
节点worker2:
node.name: node-3
network.host: 192.168.245.131
七.测试ES
1.切换用户
su es
2.执行
cd ..
cd bin
./elasticsearch
3.结果
错误一
解决方案一
编辑/etc/security/limits.conf，添加
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 2048
* hard nproc 4096
节点master：
错误二
第二个错误是新出现的，解决方案二
修改：/etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
修改：4096-》5120
节点worker1:
节点worker2:
八.配置可视化显示和交互平台Kibana
1.简介
Kibana 是一款开源的数据分析和可视化平台，它是 Elastic Stack 成员之一，设计用于和 Elasticsearch 协作。您可以使用 Kibana 对Elasticsearch索引中的数据进行搜索、查看、交互操作。您可以很方便的利用图表、表格及地图对数据进行多元化的分析和呈现。
Kibana 可以使大数据通俗易懂。它很简单，基于浏览器的界面便于您快速创建和分享动态数据仪表板来追踪 Elasticsearch 的实时数据变化。
2.配置
# Kibana is served by a back end server. This setting specifies the port to use.
server.port: 5601
# Specifies the address to which the Kibana server will bind. IP addresses and host names are both valid values.
# The default is 'localhost', which usually means remote machines will not be able to connect.
# To allow connections from remote users, set this parameter to a non-loopback address.
server.host: "192.168.245.133" # 根据节点ip配置
# Enables you to specify a path to mount Kibana at if you are running behind a proxy.
# Use the `server.rewriteBasePath` setting to tell Kibana if it should remove the basePath
# from requests it receives, and to prevent a deprecation warning at startup.
# This setting cannot end in a slash.
#server.basePath: ""
# Specifies whether Kibana should rewrite requests that are prefixed with
# `server.basePath` or require that they are rewritten by your reverse proxy.
# This setting was effectively always `false` before Kibana 6.3 and will
# default to `true` starting in Kibana 7.0.
#server.rewriteBasePath: false
# The maximum payload size in bytes for incoming server requests.
#server.maxPayloadBytes: 1048576
# The Kibana server's name. This is used for display purposes.
#server.name: "your-hostname"
# The URLs of the Elasticsearch instances to use for all your queries.
elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://192.168.245.130:9200","http://192.168.245.131:9200","http://192.168.245.133:9200"] # 配置集群中所有的节点
# When this setting's value is true Kibana uses the hostname specified in the server.host
# setting. When the value of this setting is false, Kibana uses the hostname of the host
# that connects to this Kibana instance.
#elasticsearch.preserveHost: true
# Kibana uses an index in Elasticsearch to store saved searches, visualizations and
# dashboards. Kibana creates a new index if the index doesn't already exist.
kibana.index: ".kibana"
# The default application to load.
#kibana.defaultAppId: "home"
# If your Elasticsearch is protected with basic authentication, these settings provide
# the username and password that the Kibana server uses to perform maintenance on the Kibana
# index at startup. Your Kibana users still need to authenticate with Elasticsearch, which
# is proxied through the Kibana server.
#elasticsearch.username: "user"
#elasticsearch.password: "pass"
# Enables SSL and paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and SSL key files, respectively.
# These settings enable SSL for outgoing requests from the Kibana server to the browser.
#server.ssl.enabled: false
#server.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/server.crt
#server.ssl.key: /path/to/your/server.key
# Optional settings that provide the paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and key files.
# These files validate that your Elasticsearch backend uses the same key files.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/client.crt
#elasticsearch.ssl.key: /path/to/your/client.key
# Optional setting that enables you to specify a path to the PEM file for the certificate
# authority for your Elasticsearch instance.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificateAuthorities: [ "/path/to/your/CA.pem" ]
# To disregard the validity of SSL certificates, change this setting's value to 'none'.
#elasticsearch.ssl.verificationMode: full
# Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch to respond to pings. Defaults to the value of
# the elasticsearch.requestTimeout setting.
#elasticsearch.pingTimeout: 1500
# Time in milliseconds to wait for responses from the back end or Elasticsearch. This value
# must be a positive integer.
#elasticsearch.requestTimeout: 30000
# List of Kibana client-side headers to send to Elasticsearch. To send *no* client-side
# headers, set this value to [] (an empty list).
#elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist: [ authorization ]
# Header names and values that are sent to Elasticsearch. Any custom headers cannot be overwritten
# by client-side headers, regardless of the elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist configuration.
#elasticsearch.customHeaders: {}
# Time in milliseconds for Elasticsearch to wait for responses from shards. Set to 0 to disable.
#elasticsearch.shardTimeout: 30000
# Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch at Kibana startup before retrying.
#elasticsearch.startupTimeout: 5000
# Logs queries sent to Elasticsearch. Requires logging.verbose set to true.
#elasticsearch.logQueries: false
# Specifies the path where Kibana creates the process ID file.
#pid.file: /var/run/kibana.pid
# Enables you specify a file where Kibana stores log output.
#logging.dest: stdout
# Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output.
#logging.silent: false
# Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output other than error messages.
#logging.quiet: false
# Set the value of this setting to true to log all events, including system usage information
# and all requests.
#logging.verbose: false
# Set the interval in milliseconds to sample system and process performance
# metrics. Minimum is 100ms. Defaults to 5000.
#ops.interval: 5000
# Specifies locale to be used for all localizable strings, dates and number formats.
#i18n.locale: "en"
3.启动
运行命令：./kibana
4.查看ES集群情况
以及节点详情：
此时表示ES集群配置及启动成功！
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