Ansible详解（一）基础安装和配置

作者: 51reboot | 来源:发表于2018-06-25 11:19 被阅读5次

ansible 是一款轻量级自动化运维工具，由的 Python 语言开发，结合了多种自动化运维工具的特性，实现了批量系统配置，批量程序部署，批量命令执行等功能; ansible 是基于模块化实现批量操作的。

一、安装

控制机器

pip install ansible==2.5.5

yum install sshpass

受控机器

yum install libselinux-python

yum install python2-simplejson

version<python2.4

测试

echo 127.0.0.1>host

ansible all -m ping -i hosts –ask -pass

二、管理协议

Ansible 通过 ssh 协议对受控机器管理，可使用口令和秘钥对两种方式进行权限验证，默认使用密钥对方式。

秘钥对

1.在控制机器生成秘钥对

ssh -keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C*kk

2.添加公钥到受控机器

拷贝添加：ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user@host
本地添加：cat _{/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>>}/.ssh/authorized_keys

3.测试

ssh user@host

ansible all -m ping -i hosts

三、配置

inventory

1.ansible 管理主机信息的配置

2.配置文件格式

ini
yaml

3.配置文件路径

通过命令行参数制定：ansible -i
通过环境变量制定：export ANSIBLE_INVENTORY
默认配置路径：/ect/ansible/hosts

4.配置内容

4.1基本配置

host_v1.ini

127.0.0.1ip

host_v1.yaml

---all: hosts:   127.0.0.1:   ip:

测试

ansible all -m ping -i hosts -i host_v1.ini

ansible all -m ping -i hosts -i host_v1.yaml

ansible 127.0.0.1 -m ping -i hosts -i host_v1.ini

ansible ip -m ping -i hosts -i host_v1.yaml

主机参数配置

1.参数项

**alias ** 主机别名

**ansible_connection **

默认 smart

可选值：local、smart、ssh、paramiko

ansilbe_host 登录主机地址

ansilbe_port 默认 22

ansilbe_user 登录主机用户名

ansible_become

是否启用 sudo 权限

默认： false

可选值：true、false

ansible_become_pass

登录主机用户密码，用于切换 sudo 权限

建议使用 ansible 命令行参数 ask_become_pass 替换

ansible_become_user

切换 sudo 后执行进程中使用的用户名

ansible_ssh_pass

登录主机使用密码

建议使用 ansible 命令行参数 ask_pass 替换

ansible_ssh_private_key_file

登录主机使用私钥

ansible_python_interpreter

受控机器执行 Python 解释器

默认 /bin/env/python

hosts_v2.ini

localhost ansible_connect=localmystest ansible_connect=smart ansible_host="ip" ansible_port=22 ansible_user="silence" ansible_become_user="root" ansible_python_interpreter="/bin/env python2.6"

hosts_v2.yaml

---all: hosts:   localhost:     ansible_connect: local   mytest:     ansible_connect: smart     ansible_host: ip     ansible_port: 22     ansible_user: silence     ansible_become_user: root     ansible_python_interpreter: "/bin/env python2.6"

组&组变量

可对主机进行分组并命名，批量对主机进行操作
一个主机可属于多个组

host_v3.ini

localhost ansible_connect=local[webserver]mytest ansible_host="ip" ansible_user="silence"[webserver:vars]ansible_connect=smartansible_port=22ansible_become_user="root"ansible_python_interpreter="/bin/env python2.6"

host_v3.yaml

---all: hosts:   localhost:     ansible_connect: local children:     webserver:         hosts:           mytest:             ansible_host: ip             ansible_user: silence         vars:           ansible_connect: smart           ansible_port: 22           ansible_become_user: root           ansible_python_interpreter: "/bin/env python2.6"

测试

ansible ip -m ping -i hosts -i host_v3.yaml

ansible webserver -m command -a ‘sleep 30’ -i host_v3.ini –become –ask-become-pass

组中组

host_v4.ini

localhost ansible_connect=local[webserver]mytest ansible_host="ip" ansible_user="silence"[webserver:vars]ansible_connect=smartansible_port=22ansible_become_user="root"ansible_python_interpreter="/bin/env python2.6"[test:children]webserver

host_v4.yaml

---all: hosts:   localhost:     ansible_connect: local children:     webserver:         hosts:            mytest:             ansible_host: ip             ansible_user: silence         vars:           ansible_connect: smart           ansible_port: 22           ansible_become_user: root           ansible_python_interpreter: "/bin/env python2.6"     test:       children:         webserver:

测试

ansible test –list hosts -i host_v4.yaml

ansible test -m ping -i hosts -i host_v4.yaml

配置分割

在 hosts 文件中值配置主机分组信息，主机配置与组配置分别存储在 host_vars 和 group_vars 目录
主机配置存储在 host_vars 目录中，文件名使用别名.yaml
组配置存储在 group_vars 目录中，文件名使用组名.yaml

host_v5.ini

localhost[webserver]mytest[test:children]webserver

host_v5.yaml

---all: hosts:   localhost: children:     webserver:         hosts:           mytestm:     test:       children:         webserver:

host_vars

host_vars/localhost.yaml

---ansible_connect: local

host_vars/mytest.yaml

---ansible_host: ipansible_user: silence

group_vars

group_vars/webserver.yaml

---ansible_connect: smartansible_port: 22ansible_become_user: rootansible_python_interpreter: "/bin/env python2.6"

测试

ansible test -m ping -i host_v5.yaml

ansible test -m setup -i host_v5.yaml

ansible test -m command -a ‘sleep 30’ -i host_v5.ini –become –ask-become-pass

动态 inventory

文件 inventory.py 脚本内容

#!/bin/env python3#encoding: utf-8inventory = {   '_meta' : {       'hostvars' : {           'localhost' : {               'ansible_connect' : 'local',           },           '51reboot' : {               'ansible_host' : '112.74.164.107',               'ansible_user' : 'silence',           }       }   },   'all' : {       'hosts' : [           'localhost'       ]   },   'webserver' : {       'hosts' : [           '51reboot'       ],       'vars' : {           'ansible_connect' : 'smart',           'ansible_port' : 22,           'ansible_become_user' : 'root',           'ansible_python_interpreter' : '/bin/env python2.6'       }   }}if __name__ == '__main__':   import json, sys   print(json.dumps(inventory))   sys.exit(0)

初始化权限

xhmod +x inventory.py

测试

ansible all –list -hosts -i inventory.py

ansible all -m ping -i inventory.py

ansible.cfg

1.配置文件路径